• Introduction
• IV Credentials

• ICP & ICP-MS Standards
  • Single-Element Standards 
    • 10 µg/mL Standards
    • 100 µg/mL Standards
    • 1000 µg/mL Standards
    • 10,000 µg/mL Standards
  • Isotopic Standards
  • Speciation Standards
  • Cyanide Standards
  • Multi-Element Standards
    • Calibration Standards (Groups)
      • 65-Element group
      • 69-Element group
      • 71-Element group
    • Calibration Standards (Individuals)
    • Wavelength Calibration
    • Tuning Solutions
  • High Purity Ionization Buffers
  • EPA Standards
    • ILMO3.0
      • Calibration Standards
      • CICV Standards
      • CRDL Standards
      • Interference Check Standards
      • Soil & Water Spike Standards
    • ILMO4.0
      • Calibration Standards
      • CICV Standards
      • CRDL Standards
      • Interference Check Standards
      • Soil & Water Spike Standards
    • ILMO5.2 & ILMO5.3
      • Calibration Standards
      • CICV Standards
      • CRDL & CRQL Standards
      • Interference Check Standards
      • Soil & Water Spike Standards
      • Internal Standards & Tuning Solutions
      • Blank & Rinse Solutions
    • Method 200.7
      • 200.7 Calibration
      • 200.7 Interference Checks
      • 200.7 Quality Controls
      • Rev. 3.3 & 4.4 Calibration
      • Rev. 3.3 & 4.4 Instrument Performance Checks
      • Rev. 3.3 & 4.4 Laboratory Fortified Stocks
      • Rev. 3.3 & 4.4 Quality Controls
    • Method 200.8
      • Rev. 4.4 & 5.4 Calibration
      • Rev. 4.4 & 5.4 Internal Standards
      • Rev. 4.4 & 5.4 Quality Controls
      • Rev. 4.4 & 5.4 Tuning
    • Method 6020
      • CLP-M Version 8
      • CLP-M Version 9
      • Rev. 0
  • Custom ICP Standards
• Ion Chromatography
  • Anion Standards
  • Cation Standards
  • Multi-Ion Standards
  • Eluent Concentrates
  • EPA Standards 
    • Methods 300.0 & 300.1
      • 300.0 Rev. 2.1 Part A
      • 300.1 Part A
      • 300.1 Part B
    • Method 314.0
  • Custom IC Standards
• Atomic Absorption
  • Single-Element Standards
  • Multi-Element Standards
  • Modifiers, Buffers & Releasing Agents
  • EPA Standards
    • Toxicity Characteristic Leachate Procedure (TCLP)
    • CLP Graphite Furnace Standards
  • Custom AA Solutions
• Water QC
  • Potable Water Standards
  • Wastewater Standards
  • Real World CRMs
  • Custom QC Standards
• Wet Chemistry
  • Wet Chemical Standards
    • Conductivity Standards
    • Cyanide Standards
    • pH Calibration Standards
  • Sample Preparation
    • Dissolution Reagents
    • Neutralizers & Stabilizers
    • Fusion Fluxes
  • Custom Wet Chemistry Solutions
• Custom Standards

• Analytical Periodic Table
• Quality Assurance
• ISO Guides
• Tech Centre
  • Reliable Measurements: A Guidebook for Trace Analysts
    • Foundations
      • 1. Laying the Foundation
        • i. What is Trace Analysis?
        • ii. Stages of a Trace Analysis
        • iii. Training
        • iv. Recommended References
    • Sample Collection
      • 2. Planning the Project
        • i. Overview
        • ii. Defining The Problem
        • iii. Detection Limits and Uncertainties
        • iv. Constructing the Sampling Plan
      • 3. Sampling and Sub-sampling
        • i. Overview
        • ii. Sampling Publications
        • iii. Developing the Sampling Plan
        • iv. Constructing the Sampling Plan
        • v. Different Approaches to Sampling
        • vi. Sub-sampling
        • vii. Determination of Sampling and Sub-Sampling Errors
        • viii. Contamination Issues During Sampling;
          • Geological
          • Soils
          • Air
          • Water
          • Biological
          • Contamination Data
          • Contamination From Speciation Change
    • Sample Preparation
      • 4. An Introduction to Sample Preparation
        • i. Overview
        • ii. Preliminary Issues
        • iii. Selecting a Sample Preparation Method
      • 5. Container Material Properties
        • i. Materials;
          • Borosilicate Glass
          • Porcelain
          • Quartz
          • Platinum
          • Graphite
          • Plastics
        • ii. The Purity and Cleaning of Plastics
      • 6. Container Transpiration
        • i. Overview
        • ii. Initial Transpiration Study
        • iii. Additional Transpiration Studies
        • iv. Summary of Findings
      • 7. Stability of Elements at ppb Concentration Levels
        • i. Overview
        • ii. Adsorption
        • iii. PPB Stability Study
        • iv. Summary of Findings
    • Contamination
      • 8. Environmental Contamination
        • i. Overview
        • ii. Reducing Environmental Contamination
        • iii. Avoiding Environmental Contamination
      • 9. Contamination From Reagents
        • i. High Purity Water
        • ii. Storage of High Purity Water;
          • Quartz
          • HDPE and LDPE
          • Fluoropolymers
          • High Purity Acids
        • iii. Other Reagents
      • 10. Contamination From the Analyst and Apparatus
        • i. Contamination From the Analyst;
          • Common Contaminants
          • Tips for the Analyst
        • ii. Apparatus Contamination;
          • A Closer Look at Quartz
          • Apparatus Tips
    • Preparation Techniques
      • 11. Acid Digestions of Inorganic Samples
        • i. Overview of Sample Preparation Techniques
        • ii. Nitric Acid Digestions;
          • Facts About Nitric Acid
      • 12. Acid Digestions of Organic Samples
        • i. Nitric and Perchloric Acid Digestions
        • ii. Sample Preparation Procedure;
          • Introduction and Scope
          • Apparatus and Chemicals
          • Glassware Cleaning
          • Sample Handling, Identification, and Storage
          • Sample Preparation of Tissues and Serum
        • iii. Microwave Digestion References
      • 13. Sample Preparation by Fusion
        • i. Useful Fusions for Trace Analysts
        • ii. Lithium Carbonate Fusions
        • iii. Sample Preparation Procedure;
          • Scope and Summary
          • Equipment
          • Chemicals
          • Standard Preparation
          • Sample Preparation
      • 14. Ashing
        • Ashing Techniques
        • Advantages of Ashing
        • Disadvantages of Ashing
        • Examples of Ashing Procedures
    • Sample Measurement
      • 15. ICP-OES Measurement
        • i. Line Selection;
          • Sensitivity
          • Precision
          • Spectral Interferences
          • Standard Preparation
          • Example of a Method (PDF file, 25K)
        • ii. Matrix Effects
      • 16. ICP-MS Measurement
        • i. ICP-MS References
        • ii. Resolution
        • iii. Interferences;
          • Isobaric Interference
          • Polyatomic (Molecular) Interferences
          • Doubly Charged Ion Interferences
        • iv. Matrix Effects;
          • Space Charge Effects
          • Salt Buildup
        • v. Quantitative Analysis Measurement Techniques;
          • External Calibration using Calibration
          • Standard Additions
          • Isotope Dilution
    • Conclusions
      • 17. Method Validation
        • i. Purpose of Method Validation
        • ii. References: The Validation Process
        • iii. Confirm Basic Performance Criteria
        • iv. Robustness
        • v. Collaborative and Cooperative Testing
        • vi. Concluding Statement
  • ICP Operations: A Guide for New ICP Users
    • Multi-Element Standard Blends
      • 1. Elemental and Matrix Compatibility
        • i. Nitric Acid Matrices
        • ii. Hydrochloric Acid Matrices
        • iii. Water at pH of 7
        • iv. Hydrofluoric Acid Matrices
        • v. Sulfuric Acid Matrices
        • vi. Phosphoric Acid Matrices
      • 2. ICP Quality Issues
        • i. Accuracy
        • ii. Purity
        • iii. Chemical Compatibility
        • iv. Stability
        • v. Availability
        • vi. Documentation
        • vii. Traceability
      • 3. Handling, Calculations, Preparation, and Storage
        • i. Handling
        • ii. Calculations
        • iii. Preparation;
          • > Weight ≠ Volume
          • > Acid Content
          • > Acid Content in Molarity
          • > Avoiding Precipitates
        • iv. Storage
    • Sample Introduction
      • 4. Sample Introduction Systems
        • i. System Components
        • ii. Troubleshooting;
          • > Connection Checks
          • > Spray Chambers
          • > Peristalic Pump Tubing
        • iii. Maintenance
      • 5. Nebulizers, Spray Chambers, and Torches
        • i. Nebulizers;
          • > Pneumatic Nebulizers
          • > Ultrasonic Nebulizers
        • ii. Spray Chambers
        • iii. Torches
        • iv. Considerations
      • 6. Compatibility and Precision Issues
        • i. Solutions Containing HF;
          • > When HF Attacks
          • > Glass Introduction Systems
          • > Recommendations
        • ii. High Disovled Solids
        • iii. Suspended Solids
        • iv. Closing Remarks
    • Performance Characteristics
      • 7. Linearity and Detection Limits
        • i. Defining ICP Performance Characteristics;
          • > Examples of Spectra
        • ii. Confirm Basic Performace Criteria
      • 8. Spectral Interferences: Types, Avoidance, and Correction
        • i. Types: ICP-OES
        • ii. Avoidance: ICP-OES
        • iii. Correction: ICP-OES;
          • > Background Interference
          • > Spectral Overlap
        • iv. Types: ICP-MS
        • v. Avoidance: ICP-MS
      • 9. Key Instrument Parameters
        • i. Gas Flow Rates;
          • > Sample Ar Gas Flow for ICP-OES
        • ii. Applied Power for ICP-OES
    • Calibration Techniques
      • 10. Calibration Curve and Standard Additions Techniques
        • i. Basic Considerations
        • ii. Calibration Standards;
          • > Recommendations
          • > Discussions
      • 11. Internal Standardization and Isotope Dilution
        • i. Standard Additions
        • ii. Internal Standardization
        • iii. Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry
    • Problem Elements
      • 12. Common Problems with Hg, Au, Si, Os, and Na
        • i. Mercury (Hg)
        • ii. Gold (Au)
        • iii. Silicon (Si)
        • iv. Osmium (Os)
        • v. Sodium (Na)
      • 13. Common Problems with Ag, As, S, Ba, Pb, and Cr
        • i. Silver (Ag)
        • ii. Arsenic (As)
        • iii. Sulfur (S)
        • iv. Barium (Ba)
        • v. Lead (Pb)
        • v. Chromium (Cr)
    • Basic Calculations
      • 14. Accuracy, Precision, Mean and Standard Deviation
        • i. Accuracy
        • ii. Precision
        • iii. Mean
        • iv. Standard Deviation
      • 15. Significant Figures and Uncertainty
        • i. Significant Figures
        • ii. Uncertainty;
          • > Recommended Reading
      • 16. Traceability
        • i. Background
        • ii. Terms and Explanations
        • iii. Discussion
  • Sample Preparation Guide: Considerations In the Preparation of Elemental Chemical Solutions
    • 1. Guide Overview
      • i. Background
      • ii. Topics
      • iii. Resources
      • iv. References
    • 2. Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium and Cesium
      • i. The Metals
      • ii. Minerals — Natural and Manufactured
      • iii. Water and Acid Soluble Material
      • iv. Organic Matrices;
        • > Wet Ash
        • > Sulfate Ash
      • v. Hydrolytic Stability, Preferred Matrices and More
      • vi. Detailed Elemental Profiles
    • 3. Beryllium
      • i. The Metal
      • ii. BeO
      • iii. Minerals
      • iv. Alloys
      • v. Organic Matrices
      • vi. Hydrolytic Stability and Preferred Matrices
      • vii. Detailed Elemental Profile
    • 4. Magnesium
      • i. The Metal
      • ii. Mg Oxide, Hydroxide, Carbonat
      • iii. Minerals and Ores
      • iv. Alloys
      • v. Organic Matrices
      • vi. Hydrolytic Stability and Preferred Matrices
      • vii. Detailed Elemental Profile
    • 5. Calcium
      • i. The Metal
      • ii. Ca Oxide, Hydroxide, Carbonat
      • iii. Minerals and Ores
      • iv. Alloys
      • v. Organic Matrices
      • vi. Hydrolytic Stability and Preferred Matrices
      • vii. Detailed Elemental Profile
    • 6. Strontium and Barium
      • i. The Metals
      • ii. Oxides, Hydroxides, Carbonates
      • iii. Minerals and Ores
      • iv. Alloys
      • v. Organic Matrices
      • vi. Hydrolytic Stability and Preferred Matrices
      • vii. Detailed Elemental Profile
    • 7. Scandium
      • i. The Metal
      • ii. Sc Oxide, Hydroxide, Carbonate
      • iii. Minerals and Ores
      • iv. Alloys
      • v. Organic Matrices
      • vi. Hydrolytic Stability and Preferred Matrices
      • vii. Detailed Elemental Profile
    • 8. Rare Earth Elements
      • i. The Metals
      • ii. Oxides, Hydroxides, and Salts
      • iii. Minerals
      • iv. Catalysts
      • v. Organic Matrices
      • vi. Hydrolytic Stability and Preferred Matrices
      • vii. ICP Measurement
      • viii. Detailed Elemental Profile
    • 9. Thorium and Uranium
      • i. The Metals
      • ii. Oxides, Hydroxides, and Salts
      • iii. Minerals
      • iv. Catalysts
      • v. Organic Matrices
      • vi. Hydrolytic Stability and Preferred Matrices
      • vii. ICP Measurement
      • viii. Detailed Elemental Profile
    • 10. Titanium
      • i. Sampling and Handling
      • ii. The Metal
      • iii. Ti Oxides
      • iv. Minerals and Ores
      • v. Alloys
      • vi. Organic Matrices
      • vii. Hydrolytic Stability and Preferred Matrices
      • viii. Detailed Elemental Profile
  • Guides and Articles
• News Archive
• Product Index

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