MULTI-ELEMENT STANDARD BLENDS

1. Nitric Acid Matrices


2. Hydrochloric Acid Matrices


3. Water at pH of 7


4. Hydrofluoric Acid Matrices


5. Sulfuric Acid Matrices


6. Phosphoric Acid Matrices

1. Accuracy


2. Purity


3. Chemical Compatibility


4. Stability


5. Availability


6. Documentation


7. Traceability

1. Handling


2. Calculations


3. Preparation;
   > Weight ≠ Volume
   > Acid Content
   > Acid Content in Molarity
   > Avoiding Precipitates
4. Storage

SAMPLE INTRODUCTION

1. System Components


2. Troubleshooting;
   > Connection Checks
   > Spray Chambers
   > Peristalic Pump Tubing
3. Maintenance

1. Nebulizers;
   > Pneumatic Nebulizers
   > Ultrasonic Nebulizers
2. Spray Chambers


3. Torches


4. Considerations

1. Solutions Containing HF;
   > When HF Attacks
   > Glass Introduction Systems
   > Recommendations
2. High Disovled Solids


3. Suspended Solids


4. Closing Remarks

PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS

1. Defining ICP Performance Characteristics;
   > Examples of Spectra
2. Confirm Basic Performace Criteria

1. Types: ICP-OES


2. Avoidance: ICP-OES


3. Correction: ICP-OES;
   > Background Interference
   > Spectral Overlap
4. Types: ICP-MS


5. Avoidance: ICP-MS

1. Gas Flow Rates;
   > Sample Ar Gas Flow for ICP-OES
2. Applied Power for ICP-OES

CALIBRATION TECHNIQUES

1. Basic Considerations


2. Calibration Standards;
   > Recommendations
   > Discussions

1. Standard Additions


2. Internal Standardization


3. Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry

PROBLEM ELEMENTS

1. Mercury (Hg)


2. Gold (Au)


3. Silicon (Si)


4. Osmium (Os)


5. Sodium (Na)

1. Silver (Ag)


2. Arsenic (As)


3. Sulfur (S)


4. Barium (Ba)


5. Lead (Pb)


6. Chromium (Cr)

BASIC CALCULATIONS

1. Accuracy


2. Precision


3. Mean


4. Standard Deviation

1. Significant Figures


2. Uncertainty;
   > Recommended Reading

1. Background


2. Terms and Explanations


3. Discussion